International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention

Role of Public Transportation in Reducing Traffic Congestion, Enhancing Connectivity, And Promoting Sustainable Urban Development in Manchester And Shenzhen

2024-12-18T04:44:58+00:00

The purpose of this research is to assess the strategies of Manchester, UK, and Shenzhen, China regarding the transportation infrastructure, and more specifically, the part that is played by public transport in the fight against congestion on the roads, the provision of better connectivity, and the support of sustainable growth in cities. Manchester’s strategy includes using integrated PT systems, extending the Metro Link tram system, and using digital infrastructure in terms of connectivity as well as improving the experience of the users, targeting the achievement of carbon neutrality by 2038. Shenzhen has expanded its metro system and explored new ways of funding with models like “rail + property” which means that metro station development is combined with the construction of related properties to support the growth of the rail transit system and bring in revenues. Also, the incorporation of AI by the Shenzhen transportation system coupled with the electrification of the transport fleet demonstrates the city’s support for green mobility solutions and environmental conservation. The research questions relate to the policy, planning, and governance aspects that have supported the implementation of PTN integration in these cities and the outcomes of these policies on the modal split, traffic congestion, and greenhouse gas emissions. Based on the TOD theory, the paper examines how Manchester and Shenzhen have integrated transportation investments with urban development plans. The study reveals that both cities have effectively expanded the modal shares of public transport and improved the journeys to reduce congested traffic. Shenzhen increased its size in the fastest way and has made the city more habitable and less polluted while Manchester has some difficulties because of the past legacies of infrastructure and the increasing use of private cars. The cases of Manchester and Shenzhen are informative of proper transportation infrastructure development, emphasizing planning, governance, and innovative financing. Thus, by focusing on public transportation and sustainable development, cities around the world can improve the connectivity, quality of the environment, and economic development as well as the creation of sustainable and successful urban societies.

Land Tenure Practices and Substandard Housing in Bamenda Urban, Northwest Cameroon.

2024-12-24T04:57:58+00:00

The research explores land tenure practices and substandard housing in Bamenda Urban, Northwest Cameroon. Two primary methodologies, quantitative and qualitative, were employed. Using systematic random sampling, sampling frames were determined, and 248 participants were chosen using the Taro Yamane formula with a 5% margin of error and 95% confidence level, alongside field observations. This was combined with qualitative information from secondary materials gathered from online databases, government agencies, NGOs, scholarly journals, conference presentations, news articles, and earlier studies conducted by other authors on the topic, along with library resources. In total, 248 questionnaires were distributed to participants; 183 were completed and returned. Due to the ongoing socio-political crises affecting the region, some participants were internally displaced and could not return the questionnaires at the appointed time. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, were computed to summarise the data. Tables and charts were used to display the results. The findings reveal that merely 15.3% of participants possess legal title deeds, reflecting a limited degree of formal land ownership. In the interim, a significant percentage of the participants hold land informally at 33.3%, while those relying on customary tenure systems make up 24.0%. Findings indicate that swift rural-to-urban migration (30.1%), insufficient affordable housing (33.3%), and unemployment/poverty (21.3%) are the primary factors contributing to poor housing in Bamenda urban areas. The research finds that addressing these problems necessitates a comprehensive approach involving implementing legislation that recognizes and protects traditional land rights, formalizing informal communities, and decentralizing land governance.

Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) Involvement in Advancing Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) in Cameroon

2025-01-04T08:55:24+00:00

The labour market has become dynamic and exigent, as it expects graduates to have quality skills before securing a profitable position. This has increased the unemployment rate among Technical and Vocational Education and Training graduates since TVET institutions are facing challenges in adequately preparing students according to labour market standards. This calls for the need for TVET institutions to redesign their systems and adopt new strategies that address the persistent changing needs of the labour market. Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have become an efficient means for TVET institutes to deal with this situation. Therefore, based on Cameroon's TVET system, this paper explores the involvement of Public Private Partnerships in advancing TVET, focusing on their roles in linking TVET to the standards of the labour market and improving the quality, credibility and accessibility of TVET education. The paper also highlights the current state of TVET in Cameroon, bringing to light its challenges in bridging the skill gap between graduates and industries. The study further highlights the impact of the limited involvement of PPPs in Cameroon’s TVET system and the economy. It draws on global best practices of PPPs implication in TVET as recommendable actions to sustain Cameroon's TVET system. The results highlight how PPPs can revitalise Cameroon's TVET system to the needs of employers while supporting national development objectives. Through PPPs, Cameroon can establish and sustain a solid TVET system capable of driving innovation, equipping students with required skills, decreasing unemployment among graduates and advancing socio-economic development.